环境空气背景值中PM2．5和PM10的相关性分析

四川省大气背景站颗粒物PM2．5和PM10实时监测结果表明,两个点位的PM2．5浓度占PM10浓度分别为80．15％、68．9％,两个点位的PM2．j浓度和PM10浓度均呈显著线性关系,点位1：y=0．8634x-0．2212,R^2=0．9823;点位2：y=0．7352x-0．2142,R^2=0．7767。     

团队关系冲突对矿工安全绩效影响的跨层次研究

为有效提升煤矿企业安全管理效能,提高矿工安全绩效,基于资源保存理论、社会认知理论和自我决定理论,以团队层面的团队效能感和个体层面的安全动机为中介变量,探讨团队关系冲突(TRC)对矿工安全绩效的跨层次影响机制.对40个班组347名矿工进行问卷调查和实证研究,结果表明:TRC不仅能直接负向影响矿工安全绩效,还能通过团队效能...     

Scapegoating in the Wild: A Burkean Analysis of Two Outdoor Adventures Gone Wrong

Aron Ralston and Christopher McCandless, two outdoor adventurers, have captured the hearts of many American environmentalists. Each has attained the status of cultural icons and inspired books and films to recount their tales. While entertainment media have romanticized both individuals, news media are not as easy on one—McCandless is vilified while Ralston is valorized. When reporting these stories, news media outlets attempted to retell each story in a way that conforms to the dominant American ideology of wilderness, where “progress” is marked by control over nature—control that both Ralston and McCandless clearly unsettled. In addition, both committed many of the same errors in being underprepared. Despite these similarities, why are they each presented so differently in the news media? This paper offers a rhetorical analysis of newspaper articles on each story, where the phenomenon of scapegoating alienates McCandless, and the phenomenon of mortification purifies Ralston, restabilizing this American environmental ideology in both stories. In conclusion, I argue that the essential difference between these two stories is that they present two opposing ideals of a human–nature relationship, with Ralston's ideology including a space for technology and industrial knowledge, and thus construed as more appropriate than McCandless' ideology.     

A process model of employee engagement: The learning climate and its relationship with extra‐role performance behaviors

Employee engagement has recently been introduced as a concept advantageous to organizations. However, little is known about the value of employee engagement in explaining work performance behaviors compared with similar concepts. The learning climate, defined as the organization's beneficial activities in helping employees create, acquire, and transfer knowledge, has also been proposed as an antecedent of employee engagement. Using data from a sample of 625 employees and their supervisors in various occupations and organizations throughout Israel, we investigated employee engagement as a key mechanism for explaining the relationship between perceptions of the organization's learning climate and employees' proactivity, knowledge sharing, creativity, and adaptivity. We also tested whether employee engagement explained the relationship more thoroughly than similar concepts such as job satisfaction and job involvement. Multilevel regression analyses supported our hypotheses that employee engagement mediates the relationship between the perceived learning climate and these extra‐role behaviors. Moreover, engagement provides a more thorough explanation than job satisfaction or job involvement for these relationships. The implications for organizational theory, research, and practice are discussed. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

基于GIS和遥感信息的空气污染损失研究

文章利用GIS软件、遥感手段将城市地理信息、遥感信息与城市空气污染损失相结合,利用剂量反应函数法计算济南市2002年空气二氧化硫污染造成的人体健康、建筑材料及农作物损失。GIS和遥感信息的应用有效地提高了数据的精确度,能够对数据进行空间分析,并以图像的形式直观显示结果,计算的空气污染损失结果也更为精确。研究结果表明2002年济南市仅二氧化硫污染造成的损失就达亿元,空气污染治理迫在眉睫。     

A methodology to clarify logical relationship among failure modes and determine system probabilities

In the vulnerability analysis, correlations among failure modes have significant effects on the estimation of failure probabilities. However, the failure modes were assumed to be independent with each other or only parts of dependencies of failure modes were considered, which might lead to inaccurate results. In the present study, a novel methodology to clarify the entire logical relationship among failure modes and determine system probabilities is developed. Firstly, based on the form-changed limit state equations (LSEs) of failure modes, the LSE surfaces or curves are plotted. Subsequently, the logical relationship among failure modes can be identified with the LSE surfaces or curves. The system consequences are further developed by the logical relationship. Bayesian network (BN) is constructed with the input of logical relationship into arcs. With BN considering logical relationship, the occurrence probabilities of failure modes are calculated and system probabilities are estimated more accurately, which are verified well with Monte Carlo simulation and analytical solution. Furthermore, the detailed compositions of occurrence probabilities of failure modes are specified by the system probabilities. The methodology is illustrated by a case study. This study can be applied to the vulnerability analysis of various hazards or disasters as long as LSEs for corresponding failure modes can be developed.     

20种水溶性有机溶剂对发光菌的毒性效应

以新型淡水发光菌——青海弧菌Q67(Vibrio-qinghaiensis sp.Q67)为检测生物,应用VeritasTM微孔板光度计测定了甲醇等20种常见水溶性有机溶剂对Q67的毒性效应.结果表明,乙腈、甲醇、乙醇、丙酮、乙醚、四氢呋喃和异丙醇7种有机溶剂具有非单调J型剂量-效应关系,其他13种为典型S型剂量-效应关系.分别采用Biphasic、Logit和Weibull等非线性函数进行曲线模拟,利用模拟函数可有效估算有机溶剂的各个效应浓度Ecx值.不同组成和结构的有机溶剂对淡水发光菌的毒性效应不同,官能团相同的直链溶剂含碳数越多毒性越大.     

As污染区农民头发中As含量与环境中As含量的关系

为研究As污染区农民头发中As含量与环境中As含量的关系,采用分层整群随机抽样方式,抽取湖北省气型和污灌型As污染区6个村农民头发样660份,同时采集这6个村的饮用水、土壤、食物(大米、小麦、蔬菜、鸡蛋、鸡肉、猪肉)样品,用原子荧光光谱法测定As含量.研究结果表明,两种类型As污染区农民头发中As含量污染区明显高于对照区,农民头发中As含量有随着区域土壤和食品中As含量增高而相应增高的趋势.对不同年龄组研究表明,高龄组头发中砷含量最高,反映出人体慢性暴露As蓄积的现象,而污染区人群男女头发中As含量差异不显著.人发中As含量与饮水中As含量无显著相关性,而与土壤和主要食物(大米、小麦)中As含量有显著正相关.因此人发中As含量作为人体长期暴露生物标记物,可以反映区域环境污染的程度.     

区域可持续发展与资源开发利用的关系

可持续发展思想是目前人类生存发展,以及正确处理人地关系的最高指导思想,深刻理解并把这一思想贯彻到人类生产生活中十分重要。阐述了可持续发展思想的起源、内涵,并以此为指导进一步论述了可持续发展与资源开发利用在区域发展中的作用及其相互关系。     

Cu污染土壤-水稻系统中Cu的分布特征

对太湖流域某地误用硫酸铜废水灌溉导致的污染土壤和作物体铜（Ｃｕ）含量分析表明：Ｃｕ 主要富集于表层土壤,受Ｃｕ 污染的表层土壤Ｃｕ 含量是该地区非污染区的１．６～５．１倍． 受Ｃｕ 污染的农田种植水稻其糙米、稻壳和稻草中Ｃｕ 含量分别是非污染区的１１．１～４．６、１８．３～３．７ 和９．３～２．３ 倍． Ｃｕ 在水稻植株体分配是：稻草＞ 稻壳＞ 糙米． 土壤Ｃｕ 含量与稻草和稻壳Ｃｕ含量之间符合指数函数关系,与糙米Ｃｕ 含量之间符合线性函数关系． Ｃｕ 污染导致水稻减产１８％ ～２５％ ;主要是由于水稻Ｃｕ中毒影响水稻根系生长发育,抑制水稻分蘖和减少有效穗数． 如果不采取治理措施,使受Ｃｕ 污染土壤Ｃｕ 含量下降到该地区非污染区水平至少需要１５～９２ａ． 因此,对污染土地采取治理是必要的．